08/24/2026
On June 15, 1215, under pressure from rebellious barons, King John of England affixed his seal to the Magna Carta (“Great Charter”), acknowledging limits on his power and the existence of certain rights inherent in his subjects. For centuries the Magna Carta has been treasured as one of the foundational documents of modern democratic government.
But when Pope Innocent III learned of it, he was far from impressed. On August 24, 1215 (eight hundred eleven years ago today) he issued a papal bull condemning the document and declaring it to be null and void:
“We refuse to overlook such shameless presumption which dishonors the Apostolic See, injures the king’s right, shames the English nation, and endangers the crusade…. On behalf of Almighty God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, and by the authority of Saints Peter and Paul His apostles, and by our own authority, acting on the general advice of our brethren, we utterly reject and condemn this settlement (the Magna Carta) and under threat of excommunication we order that the king should not dare to observe it and that the barons and their associates should not require it to be observed: the charter, with all undertakings and guarantees whether confirming it or resulting from it, we declare to be null, and void of all validity forever. Wherefore, let no man deem it lawful to infringe this document of our annulment and prohibition, or presume to oppose it. If anyone should presume to do so, let him know that he will incur the anger of Almighty God and of Saints Peter and Paul his apostles.”
So why would the pope take such strong action and declare the Magna Carta “dishonors the Apostolic See” (the papacy)? Largely because of a dispute that had been ongoing between the pope and the English crown for years. In 1208, John seized the possessions of the archbishopric of Canterbury and refused to appoint the pope’s choice as archbishop. In retaliation, Pope Innocent III ordered all priests in England to cease conducting services and administering sacraments (a “ban of interdict”) and the following year he excommunicated John. In 1213 the pope lifted the ban of interdict, but declared that King John was his vassal and all of England was a papal possession.
So from the pope’s point of view, the Magna Carta was a concession of rights made by his vassal the king, without his authority. And he was having none of it. Thus, the papal bull of August 24. (A “papal bull” is a formal announcement by a pope.)
Practically, however, Innocent’s bull had no lasting effect. King John died the following year and when Magna Carta was revised and reissued in 1216, 1217 and 1225, the pope made no objection. The 1215 annulment was simply never mentioned again.
The image is a photo of the papal bull, which is in the collection of the British Library.