09/07/2021
Pauline Newman (1887 – 1986)
Feminist, Labor Activist, Le***an
Pauline Newman began her activism as a young child in Lithuania. Pauline's father was a teacher, yet as a young girl she had to fight for an education. Lithuanian public schools did not accept Jewish students, and the Jewish run schools did not accept female students. Pauline was able to persuade her father to let her sit in on his classes where she learned to read, and write.
After her father died in 1901, Pauline's mother moved her family to New York City, where at the age of 11 Pauline began working at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory. In 1908, Pauline helped organize New York's largest ever rent strike to protest predatory landlords. The strike eventually led to the establishing of rent controls.
Due to Pauline's years as a garment worker, she was very aware of the horrific conditions women were forced to endure in the garment factories. In 1909, Pauline became the principal organizer of the largest labor strikes of the era. She organized more than 40,000 women to strike until better working conditions were implemented. During this time, Pauline met with some of the most prominent, and wealthiest women in the city persuading them to support the strike which put even greater pressure on factory owners. Her skill in organizing this protest won Pauline the appointment as the first female general organizer for the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. After the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911, where many of her friends died, Pauline was offered a position as one of the first inspectors for the powerful, newly-formed Factory Investigation Commission.
Through her position in the FIC, Pauline met Frances Perkins, Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor, (and first woman to hold a cabinet position), who used Pauline as a liaison between the labor movement, and the government. This new position led Pauline to work on a project in Philadelphia where she met Bryn Mawr economics professor, Frieda Miller who became Pauline's partner until Miller's death in 1974.
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