16/10/2026
Soldier’s Story – Francis Humberston MacKenzie, The Man Who Raised The 78th Highlanders
The late 1700’s was a time of great tension and hostility between Britain and France. The French Revolution, which would lead to the abolishment of their monarchy and the Napoleonic Wars, had broken out in 1789. In Britain's eyes, France had fallen to fanaticism and madness and was intent of consuming of all of Europe in revolutionary fervour. To France, Britian was a reactionary threat intent on crushing its revolution and preventing its new liberties.
Such a climate meant an increase in the strength of the British Army. Indeed, during this time, many Highland regiments would be raised. One man who wished to play a part in this was Francis Humberston MacKenzie, 1st Baron Seaforth, the then Chief of Clan MacKenzie. Francis made offers to raise a regiment from his clansmen to the government in both 1787 and 1790. Both occasions saw MacKenzie Clansmen providing manpower for other Highland regiments but did not result in Francis having his own regiment. It was not until 1793, with war with France now having broken out, that Francis finally got his regiment, the 78th Highlanders.
The 78th would be comprised mostly of men raised in the historic lands of Clan MacKenzie, Ross-Shire, the Black Isle and Lewis. In addition to providing the basis for future historic ties between regiment and region, one of Francis’s lasting legacies would be the uniform of the 78th. At the time Highland regiments wore the Government or “Black Watch” Tartan. The 78th would be one of the first to stray from this path. Using the “Black Watch” Tartan as a basis, additions were made. Red and white over stripes were added, forming what is now known as the MacKenzie Tartan. The 78th would wear this tartan throughout their history and it would later be worn by their successors, the Seaforth Highlanders and in turn the Queen’s Own Highlanders.
Francis served as the commanding officer of the new 78th for the first three years of its existence. Then, having handed over the command to his brother-in-law, he continued his military service by raising a 2nd battalion for the regiment and commanding the Ross-shire Militia at home. Francis was appointed governor of Barbados in 1801. As governor he did much to improve the working conditions of the enslaved peoples of Africa forced to work on the sugar plantations, implemented a prohibition on the killing of slaves, and reduced official discrimination against free former slaves, often at great personal expense. This brought him financial ruin, and he was obliged to sell most of the family estates in the Highlands.
Although he had four sons, they all pre-deceased him and the male line of the family ended when he died in 1815. The regiment he founded however, lived on, the 78th becoming the 2nd Bn. Seaforth Highlanders in 1881 following its merger with the other “Mackenzie” regiment, the 72nd.
To learn more about these “MacKenzie” regiments and their early years, do visit us at the Highlanders Museum at Fort George.
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