04/25/2026
April 2026
Balloon Warfare and the Army Air Force in the Civil War and WWI
This year, with the anniversary of Dr. Robert Goddard, the Auburn Historical Society & Museum is focusing on aeronautic history pertaining to the town. This month the Historical Society & Museum would like to highlight those who served in the Air Force not only as pilots, but mechanics, navigators, bombardiers, anything to do with airplanes.
The use of balloons in the Civil War could also qualify for this project also. President Lincoln saw the possible benefits of using balloons for map making, reconnaissance, and directing artillery fire using flags so gunners could be more accurate at hitting the targets. They started off as tethered and used by the Union Army’s Corps of Topographical Engineers to make maps about 1850.
Professor Thaddeus S.C. Lowe was the first Chief Aeronaut for the Union Army Balloon Corps. General Irving McDowell, who was the commander of the Army of the Potomac, had Lowe use his personal balloon at the first battle of Bull Run to direct the artillery fire. The Army of the Potomac fought mostly in Eastern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. There were men from Auburn who were part of the Army of the Potomac, but none as of yet, were found working with the balloon unit. Units of the Massachusetts Infantry Regiment [MIR] that were part of the Army of the Potomac included: Major General Nathaniel P. Band’s Division: 1st Brigade 2nd reg. Colonel George Gordon and Lt. Colonel George Andrews, 3rd Brigade 13th MIR Colonel Samuel H. Leonard,
Dix’s Division Baltimore, Major General John Dix- 17th MIF, Colonel Thomas I. C. Armory,
Couch’s Brigade Brigadier General Darius N. Couch -7th MIR, Colonel Nelson H. Davis
10th MIR, Colonel Henry S. Briggs,
Ho**er’s Brigade Brigadier General Joseph Ho**er -1st MIF, Colonel Robert Cowdin
11th MIR, Colonel George Clark,
Sherman’s Brigade Brigadier General William T. Sherman- 9th MIR, Colonel Thomas Cass,
Stone’s Brigade Brigadier General Charles P. Stone -15th MIR, Colonel Charles P. Devens,
Fort Albany- 14th MIR from defenses Washington.
The Confederate Army did not have quality balloons due to supply issues with the embargoes the Union army had on the south and the infrequent supply of gas that came from Richmond VA. Edward Porter Alexander was their first balloon pilot for the Confederate “air force”. The use of balloons stopped altogether in 1863.
According to an article by Hannah Chan, FAA history intern, “In 1898 when the Spanish-American War started a balloon section within the U.S. Signal Corps, the Army’s communication branch, was created. This section contained only one balloon, but it successfully made several flights and even went to Cuba. However, the Army dissolved the section after the war in 1898, allowing the possibility of military aeronautics advancement to fade into the background.”
The main aviation training place for WWI was Kelly Air Force Base in San Antionio Texas. It was names after George Edward Maurice Kelly who was the first military pilot killed in a plane crash in 1911. This school trained pilots, mechanics and the support personnel for war duty. Some Auburn men who went to Kelly Field included Sargent Albert H. Bonbard, Sargent 1st Class Herbert N. Eaton, and chauffer 1st Class Ernest N. Lagesse. There was a U.S. transport note that stated Joseph A. Berthiaume was attached to the 13th Balloon Company Aviation Section Signal Corps.
Sargent Bonbard enlisted in the Army in March of 1918 and was sent to the aviation school until Apr. 1918 at which time he was assigned to the Aerial Squadron Mechanic Training Depot in St. Paul MN. He was eventually assigned to the Detachment 1 Branch of Aerial Photography in Washington D.C. He was honorably discharged February 1919.
The military record for Ernest Lagesse stated that he enlisted in the Reserve Army in March 1918 and was sent to the US Aviation School at Kelly Field. He was assigned to the 36th Battalion Company until Oct 1918, then the 55th Battalion Co., 67th Battalion Co., 40th Battalion Co. and finally the 94th Battalion Co. He was honorably discharged in January 1919. His military headstone application stated he was US Army 9th Ballon Co. USMC Headquarters. Eastern Procurement Division.
David Jamieson enlisted in the Reserve Army Aug. 1917 and was assigned to the 96th Aeriel Squadron. A US transport service document has him leaving for Liverpool England as a private with the 96th Aeriel Squadron in Oct 1917. He returned on Apr 1919 to Brooklyn NY where his sister, Jessie Daly, greeted him. He was honorably discharged May 1919.
Joseph a. Berthiaume enlisted in the Reserve Army in January 1918 and was assigned to the 13th battalion Company. A US Miliary Transport document has Joseph returning from Marseille France on May 31, 1919, arriving in New York and was in the13th Balloon Company Aviation Section Signal Corps, which was organized under the Aviation Section U.S. Signal Corps. It was used in conjunction with the U.S. Army Air Service overseas. Joseph was honorably discharged on Jun 30, 1919.
Herbert Nelson Eaton was inducted in February 1918 and was assigned to School Aerial Photography unit until Apr 1918, then 66th Aerial Squadron to 10 July 1918, 8098 Depot Aerial Squadron until Sept. 1918. From there he went to the Detachment 1Branch of Aerial Photography Washington DC. He was honorably discharged in February 1919 as a Sargent 1st Class.
The staff at the Auburn Historical Society & Museum have been diligently working to find the draft cards and military service records for those who were listed on the World War II Honor Roll in the 1942 town report as well as others who entered the military after the Honor Roll was created. Those who had relatives or friends who dealt with planes in the military, as well as those that were in other military branches, are encouraged to have their information recorded in the Auburn Veteran’s Project which honors all veterans with some connection to Auburn.
This article is part of the Veterans of Auburn series and is made possible by the Auburn Historical Society & Museum, 41 South Street. The museum is open Tuesday and Saturday mornings 9:30-12:30 and may be reached at [email protected] or 508-832-6856, www.auburnhistoricalmuseum.org or follow us on Facebook at Auburn Historical.
Helen Poirier
41 South Street, Auburn, Massachusetts