Leander McCormick Observatory

Leander McCormick Observatory The McCormick Observatory is open for Public Nights on the 1st and 3rd Friday of each month. Admission is free, but donations are very much appreciated.

Historic McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia was the largest telescope in the United States, and the second largest in the world, at its dedication in 1885. The hours vary by season: in the winter we are open from 7-9pm EST, and in the summer we are open from 9-11pm EDT. In addition to the historic McCormick refracting telescope, there are exhibits and several smaller telescopes. W

eather permitting, you will be able to view through the telescopes. There will also be a presentation by a member of the Astronomy Department. All of the faculty, postdocs and graduate students participate in the Public Night program on a rotating schedule throughout the year. The McCormick Observatory is one of the astronomical observatories operated by the Department of Astronomy of the University of Virginia and is situated just outside of Charlottesville, Virginia (USA) in Albemarle County on the summit of Mount Jefferson (also known as Observatory Hill). It is named for Leander J. McCormick (1819–1900), who provided the funds for the telescope and observatory. Leander was the son of Robert McCormick (1780–1846), the inventor of a mechanical reaper, and brother of Cyrus H. McCormick, who patented it, and undertook the large scale manufacture and marketing of the invention. The McCormick family's homestead of Walnut Grove was located near Raphine, Virginia, although they moved to Chicago to manufacture of the reaper on a large scale in 1848. In Chicago Cyrus, Leander and their brother William founded what became the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and eventually International Harvester. In 1870 Leander decided to donate the largest telescope in the world to his home state of Virginia. However, the financial impact of the American Civil War on Virginia as well as the impact of the Great Chicago Fire on his own finances, delayed his efforts, and the telescope was the second largest refractor in the world when completed. We have a Friends of McCormick Observatory program. If you are interested in supporting our efforts (and receiving membership benefits), please visit https://www.givecampus.com/jem7iu for more information.

04/13/2026

Why did the radio telescope go up the mountain? To look out into space, of course.

A German-made DSA-2000 radio telescope, weighing in at 5,000 pounds with a dish 5 meters in diameter, journeyed to the University of Virginia’s Grounds on March 31 following three weeks at sea.

The crate arrived at the University Cemetery parking lot off Alderman Road, where a crane lifted it from the truck. University personnel and the manufacturer’s representatives uncrated it and sent it on its way to Fan Mountain, where it trekked up the mountain to the observatory.

It was not an easy trip. The nearly 3-mile road to the observatory is a rugged one-lane track. It’s shift-into-first-gear steep, with drop-offs on one side and rocks and forest on the other, punctuated by sharp switchbacks. The trip took about three hours with Allen Arnst, a field technician for telescope manufacturer Mtex Antenna Technology USA, driving the radio telescope dish slowly and delicately on board a very large forklift.

Brad Johnson, an associate professor of astronomy; Mallory Helfenbein, a post-baccalaureate researcher in the Astronomy Department; and Dillion Bass, a first-year astronomy graduate student, walked alongside, using hand signals to direct Arnst past leaning trees, soft spots in the road, dangling vines and other hazards.

Once operational, the telescope, funded by a $249,850 grant from the Jefferson Trust, will begin its search for the invisible dark matter that astronomers believe links the universe together and could be detected using strong magnetic fields.

“The universe is made up of particles,” Johnson said. “We call one of these particles ‘dark matter,’ and it’s intentionally provocative. We don’t know what it is, but it acts gravitationally, influencing the universe in a detectable way. But it doesn’t interact with light in the same way that the protons, neutrons and electrons do. We can’t see dark matter with our eyes or with light, but we can see it gravitationally.”

Johnson said particle physicists have been looking for axions, which have properties similar to those of dark matter.

While axions are invisible, Johnson said, a strong magnetic field can cause them to decay into microwaves. Johnson wants to hunt them in the wild, using the natural magnetic fields generated by neutron stars.

“Neutron stars are high-mass stars, and when they die, they explode,” Johnson said. “You’re left with this ball of neutrons and some plasma around it, and that creates a gigantic magnetic field. We know these giant magnets are there, and we think the axions are there.”

A radio telescope, when pointed at populations of neutron stars, could detect axion-decay signals.

“We know where some neutron stars are, so we can observe those for sure. We can also look in places where they should be, given our understanding of star formation,” Johnson said. “It’s kind of like fishing. You can’t see all of the fish, but you can guess where they are if you know the lake well enough.” https://uvatoday.me/41UdzX3

Dec 5th Public Night at Leander McCormick Observatory is cancelled due to weather.
12/05/2025

Dec 5th Public Night at Leander McCormick Observatory is cancelled due to weather.

Comet C2003 A3Tsuchinshan-ATLAS from Fan Mountain Observatory on Saturday night around 7:45 pm. Still visible to the nak...
10/20/2024

Comet C2003 A3Tsuchinshan-ATLAS from Fan Mountain Observatory on Saturday night around 7:45 pm. Still visible to the naked eye.

08/25/2024

Sunday at 12:30 PM, visit a gem for lovers of astronomy. Leander McCormick Observatory at UVA houses what was once the largest telescope in the U.S. The glass was originally used to measure distances to nearby stars. The facility is now open for anyone who wants to take an eye-view stroll through history.

Exactly 100 years ago today, on July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! The four s...
07/16/2024

Exactly 100 years ago today, on July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! The four stones that fell were collected by the chair of the University of Virginia Geology Department, Dr. Thomas L. Watson (1871-1924). In 1908, he was appointed State Geologist and Director of the new Virginia Geological Survey while still serving as a professor at UVA. He was the author of two textbooks on engineering geology and the author of over 20 reports on Virginia geology, with a focus on economic geology, mineralogy, petrography. Immediately after the meteorite fall, Dr. Watson recovered and analyzed three of the four stones. The "fourth and largest individual, secured later, was found among Dr. Watson's effects after his death."

Exactly 100 years ago today, on July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! Four rocks...
07/16/2024

Exactly 100 years ago today, on July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! Four rocks were recovered. This rock has been cut open to reveal the interior structure. The meteorite is made mostly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene, two very common minerals in rocks on Earth. Small flakes of iron-nickel metal are apparent as rusty brown spots and makeup about 6.5% of the mass of the meteorite. The thinness of the dark black fusion crust is visible in this cross-section.

Exactly 100 years ago today, on July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! Four rocks...
07/16/2024

Exactly 100 years ago today, on July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! Four rocks were recovered. The rock pictured here is about the size of an orange and weighs 1.114 kg (about 2.5 pounds). It fell near an African-American cemetery near the Seaboard Airline Railroad and was seen by 50 to 75 people. This rock was completely covered by a thin, dark black fusion crust. The crust has been damaged by handling over the years.

Exactly 100 years ago today, on July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! The larges...
07/16/2024

Exactly 100 years ago today, on July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! The largest stone, pictured here and about the size of a grapefruit, weighed 2.25 kg (about 5 pounds). It "fell about half way between Brodnax and Forksville on R. D. Temple's place." The heat of entry through the atmosphere melted the outside of the rock, forming a thin, dark black fusion crust. This specimen was "entirely cold when recovered some 15 minutes after the fall."

Exactly 100 years ago today, July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! At about 5:45...
07/16/2024

Exactly 100 years ago today, July 16, 1924, the Forksville meteorite fell in Mecklenburg County, Virginia! At about 5:45 p.m., local residents heard loud, artillery-like explosions coming from the sky (these were the sonic booms as the rocks plowed through the atmosphere). Four stones were recovered and three of them are in the collection of the University of Virginia and on display at Leander McCormick Observatory.

Laurence W. Fredrick (1927-2024)The Department of Astronomy at the University of Virginia is deeply saddened to announce...
05/24/2024

Laurence W. Fredrick (1927-2024)

The Department of Astronomy at the University of Virginia is deeply saddened to announce the passing of Dr. Laurence “Larry” W. Fredrick. He passed peacefully last weekend at the age of 96. Larry was instrumental in building the modern-day UVA Astronomy Department, and he was a valued colleague to several generations of astronomers.

After graduating high school, Larry joined the Navy and served in Naval Intelligence from 1945 to 1948. He then attended Swarthmore College and earned his Bachelor’s in Mathematics (1952) and his Master’s in Astronomy (1954). During that time, he visited McCormick Observatory to take observations for his Master’s research. He earned his Ph.D. in Astronomy from the University of Pennsylvania in 1959, and then joined the staff of the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, where he was involved in the development of photocathode tubes for use in astronomy.

Larry was recruited to the University of Virginia by William Duren, then Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences, who was looking for someone to reestablish the Astronomy Department. At the time, the telescope at McCormick Observatory was not in working order, and much of the equipment was outdated. He came to a department with two faculty members, and through a program of strategic hiring and growth, he led the department to sustained national prominence.

Upon his arrival at UVA in 1963, he served as the last director of the Leander McCormick Observatory and the first chair of the Department of Astronomy. He realized the scientific potential of McCormick Observatory was limited, so he set out to identify a suitable location to build a modern observatory for the University. This led to the establishment of Fan Mountain Observatory in southern Albemarle County, with first a 31-inch general-purpose telescope, followed by a 40-inch astrometric reflector to continue the parallax work of McCormick Observatory. Around this same time, he was supportive of the effort to bring the headquarters for the National Radio Astronomy Observatory to Charlottesville, which invigorated the astronomical research community at UVA.

Larry was known for his broad expertise as an observer. He was an early advocate for the development of space telescopes, which would not be subject to the blurring effects of the Earth’s atmosphere. He later carried out astrometric studies using the Hubble Space Telescope soon after its launch.

In addition to his efforts on behalf of the Department and the University, Larry contributed significant service at the national level. He was Secretary of the American Astronomical Society from 1969-1980, a period of significant change and growth in membership. He was also a member of several other professional societies, such as the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, the Virginia Academy of Science, the Royal Astronomical Society (Fellow), The Planetary Society, and the National Space Society, to name a few. He contributed to the NASA Large Space Telescope Committee, the U. S. Naval Observatory Scientific Visiting Committee, the American Institute of Physics Committee on International Relations, and the American Astronomical Society Committee on Astronomical Public Policy. He chaired NASA’s Astronomy Working Group and was involved in the work of site selection for the Apollo lunar landings. He was also a member of the Astronomy Science Team for the Hubble Space Telescope.

Larry retired from the Department and was honored as a professor emeritus in 1995. Even in retirement, Larry remained an active part of Department life. He frequently lunched with fellow faculty, taking short walks around Grounds to various restaurants. Larry was an avid golfer, and enjoyed golfing locally at Farmington and Birdwood, as well as traveling to golf all over the world. During his time living at Alden House on Mount Jefferson (Observatory Hill), he held annual Halloween parties that are recalled to this day by faculty and graduate students alike. He was also passionate about photography, and enjoyed taking pictures of nature, astronomical events, and his family.

Address

600 McCormick Road
Charlottesville, VA
22904

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