10/07/2026
Where Fayette County Began: The Robert G. Thornton House and the Birth of a New County
When Fayette County was established in 1824, West Tennessee was still frontier country. Thick forests covered the landscape, roads were few, and scattered settlers were only beginning to establish permanent homes. Yet within this developing wilderness, a handful of pioneers gathered to create the county government that would shape the region for generations. Compelling evidence suggests this historic moment may have occurred on land that would later become part of Ames Plantation.
From the Chickasaw Cession to a New County
The land that would eventually become Fayette County was originally part of the Chickasaw Cession, often called the Jackson Purchase of 1818. Following the acquisition of these lands, settlers gradually moved into the region and established farms and homesteads. Before Fayette County existed, neighboring counties administered the area. Shelby County, organized in 1819, governed much of the western portion of the territory, while Hardeman County, established in 1823, administered land to the east. As early settlers entered the wilderness around present-day Ames Plantation, they relied upon Shelby County to record deeds, settle legal disputes, and conduct official business. As the population grew, the need for a separate county government became increasingly apparent. On September 28, 1824, the Tennessee General Assembly created Fayette County and named it in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, the French aristocrat and military officer whose support proved instrumental during the American Revolution. Lafayette served under George Washington in the Continental Army, rose to the rank of major general, and played a key role in the campaign that culminated in the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781. By the 1820s, he was among the most admired figures in the United States, and communities nationwide honored him by naming counties, towns, and other landmarks in his memory. Coincidentally, Fayette County was established during Lafayette's celebrated tour of the United States in 1824, during which he visited both Nashville and Memphis (Wikipedia).
The First Court Session
The act establishing Fayette County did more than create a new county. It also provided instructions for organizing its government. The legislation directed that the first sessions of the Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions and the Circuit Court be held in Robert G. Thornton's dwelling house until a permanent county seat could be selected and a courthouse constructed (Tennessee Private Acts of 1824, Chapter 36). Accordingly, on December 6, 1824, Fayette County's first court convened in Thornton's home. The county's earliest surviving court minutes record the presence of Robert G. Thornton, Henry Kirk, Henry M. Johnson, Daniel Johnson, William Owen, Edmond D. Tarver, Lawrence G. Evans, David Jernigan, Daniel Clifft, William Ramsey, and John T. Patterson. Having taken the prescribed oaths before John H. Bills, a justice of the peace from Hardeman County, these men officially entered upon the duties of their offices and began the work of organizing the county government (Fayette County Minute Book A, 1824-1829). With that meeting, Fayette County officially came to life.
Several of the men present, including Robert G. Thornton, Daniel Johnson, William Owen, David Jernigan, Daniel Clifft, and John T. Patterson, were among the earliest settlers on property that would later become part of Ames Plantation. Their participation shows the important role early Ames residents played in founding and developing Fayette County.
Choosing a County Seat
Among the court's first responsibilities was choosing a permanent seat of government. According to The Goodspeed Histories of Fayette and Hardeman Counties of Tennessee, the Tennessee Legislature appointed Benjamin Reynolds, Robert Jetton, James Fentress, and William Martin as commissioners to locate the county seat. Their efforts ultimately led to selecting the land where the town of Somerville now stands. The first court session held in Somerville occurred during the November Term of 1825. The county's first courthouse was humble. The History of Fayette County (1986) describes it as a one-story log building measuring approximately twenty feet square. The same publication includes an 1888 interview with early resident John R. Hendon, who recalled arriving in Fayette County in 1831 and finding "the old courthouse" to be little more than a log hut with no floor. Rough benches rested upon stakes driven directly into the earth. Such descriptions remind us how modest the beginnings of local government really were on the Tennessee frontier.
Robert G. Thornton and Ames Plantation
The connection between Fayette County's founding and Ames Plantation hinges upon one important question: Where was Robert G. Thornton living when the first court convened in December 1824? If Thornton's home stood on land that later became Ames Plantation, then one of the most significant events in Fayette County's early history occurred there.
Robert G. Thornton was born in 1761 on the island of St. Croix. During his lifetime, he lived in North Carolina, Virginia, and eventually Tennessee. Before settling in Fayette County, he had also resided in Maury County, Tennessee. Thornton appears to have been among the earliest settlers in what became Fayette County, possibly arriving as early as 1820. On May 30, 1821, he filed Land Entry No. 209 for 261 acres situated on the waters of the North Fork of the Wolf River. Much of this acreage would later become part of Ames Plantation.
An additional transaction is especially important to the story. On August 7, 1826, Thornton purchased sixty acres from Ralph Graves. The deed included a revealing description, stating that the tract encompassed "the spring place whereon the said Thornton now lives." This language confirms that Thornton resided on the property by 1826. The tract had originally been granted to Ralph Graves in 1822. Consequently, Thornton appears to have occupied the property before formally purchasing it. Evidence suggests that this circumstance may have stemmed from family and social connections. Three of Thornton's daughters married members of the Graves family, all thought to be related to Ralph Graves. Additionally, both the Graves and Thornton families had previously lived in Giles County, Tennessee, before migrating to Fayette County.
Given these connections, it is easy to imagine that Thornton may have occupied the land under an informal agreement with Graves, making improvements and constructing a home until ownership could be formally transferred. Although no written agreement has been located, the circumstances make such an arrangement plausible.
The Search for Thornton's Home Site
The 1826 deed provides another critical clue by identifying Thornton's residence as the "spring place." A careful examination of the property reveals a long-established rock-lined spring located at the transition between the uplands and the Wolf River floodplain. Approximately 200 feet upslope are the remains of an early homesite, including a chimney and fireplace constructed from handmade brick. (see map in photos)
Researchers have identified no additional early house sites on the tract. Combined with the deed description, the physical evidence strongly suggests that this was the location of Thornton's residence. If correct, the site occupies a unique place in Fayette County history.
The Birthplace of Fayette County?
The evidence presents a fascinating possibility. We know that Fayette County's first court session was held in Robert G. Thornton's home on December 6, 1824. We know that Thornton later lived on land that became part of Ames Plantation. Both documentary and physical evidence point to a specific homesite associated with his residence. What remains uncertain is whether Thornton was already residing at that exact location in December 1824. If he was, then Fayette County's first court session and the formal beginning of county government took place on land now associated with Ames Plantation. If not, the event almost certainly took place nearby.
More than two centuries later, the available evidence may never allow a definitive answer. Yet the surviving court records, legislative acts, land transactions, family connections, and archaeological remains together make a compelling case. History seldom provides complete certainty. Instead, it leaves fragments from which we attempt to reconstruct the past. In the case of Robert G. Thornton and the founding of Fayette County, those fragments suggest that on a cold December morning in 1824, a group of frontier leaders may have gathered around the hearth of a home that stood on what would later become Ames Plantation and there took the first official steps in creating the government of Fayette County, Tennessee.
Sources
Fayette County Minute Book A, 1824-1829, First Court Session Minutes, December 6, 1824.
Tennessee General Assembly, Private Acts of 1824, Chapter 36. Available through the County Technical Assistance Service (CTAS), University of Tennessee: Acts of 1824, Chapter 36.
The Goodspeed Histories of Fayette and Hardeman Counties of Tennessee. Goodspeed Publishing Company.
The History of Fayette County (1986). Fayette County Historical Society
Wikipedia contributors, "Fayette County, Tennessee" and "Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette."
Fayette County land records, including:
Land Entry No. 209 filed by Robert G. Thornton, May 30, 1821. Fayette County, Tennessee, Entry Book B, pg. 5
Deed from Ralph Graves to Robert G. Thornton, August 7, 1826. Fayette County, Tennessee, Deed Book A, pg. 47
Ames Plantation historical and archaeological investigations of the Thornton homesite and associated spring location.