06/15/2026
On this day in 1865, Mary Surratt became the first woman executed by the United States federal government.
She was convicted of participating in the conspiracy surrounding the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, alongside David Herold, Lewis Powell, and George Atzerodt.
On the afternoon of July 7, 1865, the four prisoners were led into the yard of the Old Arsenal Penitentiary in Washington, D.C., where a scaffold had been erected for their ex*****on.
As the summer heat bore down, Mary Surratt walked toward the gallows carrying herself with quiet composure. Witnesses reported that an umbrella was held above her to shield her from the sun during her final moments.
At approximately 1:30 p.m., the four condemned conspirators stood side by side beneath the scaffold.
Among those present was photographer Alexander Gardner, whose camera captured some of the last images taken before the ex*****ons were carried out.
To this day, Mary Surratt remains one of the most controversial figures connected to the Lincoln assassination. Some historians believe she knowingly aided the conspiracy, while others argue the evidence against her was insufficient and that she may have been condemned by association.
More than 160 years later, the debate continues.
Was Mary Surratt a willing conspirator in one of the darkest moments in American history—or a woman caught in events larger than herself?
The question has never fully disappeared.