07/09/2025
in 1755, the Battle of the Monongahela, or Braddock's Defeat, occurred in present-day North Braddock and Braddock, PA.
The British began their advance on Fort Duquesne early, expecting an ambush from the French and their Native allies at either of the two fords the army crossed that morning. To their surprise (and relief!), no ambush came. They continued the march to the fort in high spirits, believing the worst to be over.
Meanwhile, the French and their Native allies, led by Captain Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu, had been delayed in leaving Fort Duquesne--too late to take advantage of the vulnerability of their enemy at the ford crossings. Around 1 p.m., they ran into the British advance guard, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Gage, in the woods about ten miles from Fort Duquesne. Seeing the French and Indians in the trees, Gage ordered his men to open fire. Captain Beaujeu was killed within the first few minutes of the battle, throwing the French into disorder. However, the Natives rallied and continued the fight, taking it to the British flanks, attacking in a half-moon formation. Gage's advance guard, under heavy fire, began to withdraw--colliding with the rest the British column. The British, taking to their training, grouped in tight formations, making easy targets for the Natives and French. In the smoke from the gunfire and confusion of the attack, several British platoons accidentally fired on each other. The entire column dissolved in disorder.
For three hours the British fought against the French and Natives. Then General Braddock, was shot in the lung and fell from his horse. At that point, the British fight fell apart. They began to retreat to the river, which was orderly, at first. But Native attacks in close quarters turned the retreat into a bloody rout, with soldiers running in sheer panic back the way they had marched earlier that day.
George Washington, who served as an aide-de-camp to General Braddock, was, despite his lack of command, able to form a rearguard and coordinate the retreat, as well as ensure the mortally wounded General Braddock was conveyed back to safety.