05/29/2026
Tick, tick, tick! Every musician knows the relentless click of a metronome keeping time during practice. While this musical sidekick may seem timeless today, it’s a relatively recent addition to the orchestra of music history. Keep tempo with us this Arti-Fact Friday as we explore the history of the metronome!
The melody begins in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, when scientists inspired by the work of Galileo studied the motion of pendulums. Nearly a century later, French musician and inventor Étienne Loulié used those discoveries to create the first pendulum-based metronome for musicians. Unlike the ticking devices we know today, Loulié’s invention was completely silent, meaning musicians had to keep their eyes on it like a conductor leading the ensemble.
It wasn’t until the early 1810s that Dutch inventor Dietrich Winkel developed the familiar inverted-pendulum design that could audibly mark time. But there was a sour note: Winkel never patented his invention. Enter Johann Maelzel, an inventor and showman who attempted to buy the design. When Winkel refused, Maelzel added a numbered tempo scale, patented the device himself, and marketed it widely. That’s why the classic pyramid-shaped mechanical metronome sitting atop many pianos is still known as the “Maelzel Metronome.”
Maelzel also happened to be acquainted with Ludwig van Beethoven, who became one of the first major composers to champion the metronome. Beethoven even began marking his compositions with tempo indications we would now recognize as BPM, or “beats per minute,” helping musicians stay in sync with his pacing.
By the 1950s, metronomes entered a new movement. Inventor Frederick Franz developed electromechanical metronomes powered by plug-in motors, like this one in our collection. Many used variable-speed drives, switches, and cam wheels to keep precise time, while some models even featured flashing neon lights that pulsed along with the beat. Today, metronomes come in almost every form imaginable, from smartphone apps to wearables that vibrate against the skin.
Have you ever used a metronome while learning an instrument? If so, what did you play? Let us know in the comments below!