05/24/2026
In 1776, the leaders of the Continental Congress set forth that, in the new United States, “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” In her new historical biography, author Nina Sankovitch explains how a genderless religious leader was one of the first people to put those words of the Declaration into true practice.
“Not Your Founding Father: How a Nonbinary Minister Became America's Most Radical Revolutionary” details the life and legacy of Jemima Wilkinson, who at 23 years old in October 1776 claimed, after surviving a brief illness, to have been reincarnated as a genderless divine spirit called the Public Universal Friend. The Friend then became an evangelist for a new faith, preaching first in nearby New England neighborhoods and then traveling to Philadelphia and elsewhere in the new United States, forming a congregation called the Society of Universal Friends that eventually created a settlement in western New York they called Jerusalem. “Universal Friend did what men like [George] Washington, [Thomas] Jefferson, and [John] Adams had promised: created a society that valued equality, promoted opportunity, and fostered a flourishing economy based on individual enrichment while also emphasizing working for the common good,” Sankovitch writes.
Though this utopia and the Friend’s following did not long endure, their story showcases how the American Revolution's era and the bustling city of Philadelphia provided people like the Public Universal Friend opportunities to test boundaries and challenge the social norms of a rapidly changing society.
📖 Read an excerpt with our latest Read the Revolution feature and learn more on our Public Universal Friend Walking Tour offered every Saturday in June.
In 1776, the leaders of the Continental Congress set forth that, in the new United States, “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” In her new historical biography, author...