07/14/2025
18-million year old mammals recently underwent a dental exam, revealing intact proteins inside their enamel that could expand our capacity to understand the history mammalian life.
Paleontologists use fossilized proteins to resolve everything from the relationships between species to how animals have adapted to changes to their environment, but like DNA, proteins degrade over time, especially in hot, arid climates, limiting the availability of these molecules to just the last few million years.
In a study co-led by a scientist here at MCI, researchers analyzed enamel samples from fossils from Kenya, which, on a geological timescale, is one of the harshest climates in the world. They found intact enamel proteins, pushing back the timescale for protein studies by about 15 million years and opening the door to a greater understanding of ancient life.
To read more: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09040-9
Photo: A view of the Turkwel River in Turkana, northern Kenya, where these fossils—from which ancient peptides were recovered—are found. Miocene volcanic structures can be seen in the distance: many geological features of this part of the East African Rift System, and the fossils and proteins described in this study, date to the Miocene period (23 to 5million years old). ©Daniel Green)