St. Joseph County Historical Society of Michigan

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St. Joseph County Historical Society of Michigan We are a non-profit organization of individuals who have an interest in preserving the history of this county. Come visit us at our research location, 34 N.

Our group is dedicated to preserving local county history. Main St. Three Rivers, which is open every Friday 10-4. Or visit the White Pigeon Prairie United States Land Office at 113 W. Chicago Rd. in White Pigeon during one of our Open Houses to see surveying equipment and watch our prairie grow!

CIGAR MAKING – In this photograph furnished to the Commercial by Harley Noles, Mr. Noles is seated at the left at his ci...
10/21/2026

CIGAR MAKING – In this photograph furnished to the Commercial by Harley Noles, Mr. Noles is seated at the left at his cigar maker’s bench. To his right is Elmer Kern and to his right is Billy Huffman. The young man wearing the hat, who is stripping to***co, is unknown. The photograph was taken at Rohrer’s Cigar Store around 1912 or 1913 when Noles was 22.

From a newspaper clipping from the Three Rivers Commercial, January 25, 1973, shared by Renee (Kline) Loucks.

Former cigar maker remembers
Binders, Filler and Wrappers
By Mike Eliasohn
PART ONE

“What this country needs is a good nickel cigar,” Thomas Riley Marshall once observed.
Harley Noles, 422 Maple, Three Rivers, not only can remember nickel ci**rs, he used to make them.
Now 81, Noles started stripping to***co for Carl Klocke at age 15. Klocke’s cigar store was located at 35 North Main, present location of Construction Sales and Service.
Noles still remembers the names of many of the men who worked at Klocke’s when he worked there, including Chris Schwartz, who later started his own cigar making business and was the last actual maker of ci**rs in Three Rivers; and Earl Houghtaling, who eventually bought the business from Klocke when the latter started going blind.
Houghtaling, who became St. Joseph County Sheriff in the 1940’s, closed the store around 1928.
Another who worked at Klocke’s was Bert Lewis, who at age 91 us currently spending the winter in California and should be returning to Three Rivers in March or April, according to his son Warren Lewis.
Others Noles remembers at Klocke’s are Henry Walburn, Dick Dunkin, “Sport” Clark, and Charlie Mallo.
Many cigar makers, however, Noles explained, “were practically a hobo.”
They would come into a town, present their union card to the local cigar makers’ union secretary, work at a cigar store for a while and then move on to another town.
Cigar stores, incidentally, in their heyday also sold chewing and smoking to***co, ci******es, pipes, and candy, as well as manufacturing and selling ci**rs.
After about six to eight months at Klocke’s, Noles moved down the street to go to work for another cigar maker, Fred Rohrer, at 13 North Main.
Rohrer offered him a better job including the opportunity to learn the cigar making trade. By age 18, Noles was a card-carrying member of the cigar makers’ union.
Noles, incidentally, was married in 1911, at age 20.
Along came World War I in 1917 and Noles went to Kalamazoo for his Army physical. He had had scarlet fever, however, and as a result only weighed 92 pounds at the time.
Too light for military service, the military authorities advised him to get a job in the defense industry so Noles left Rohrer’s and went to work in the machine shop at Fairbanks-Morse in Three Rivers.
After the war ended, he went back to Rohrer’s, there no longer being a need for war material, Fairbanks-Morse no longer had a need for as many employees.
This time Noles stayed at Rohrer’s until 1927 when he left to open a gas station on South Main. Why did he get out of the cigar making business? “Whenever I could get a better job, I quit,” was his reply.
When World War II and gasoline rationing started, however, there wasn’t much gasoline left to sell so Noles went to work for Armstrong Machine Works in their machine shop and retired from there when he reached age 65 in 1956.

By MARTY ARNOLD, Special to the Gazette(no date given) Part 3.Plank roads were made of 3-inch planks places side-by-side...
10/20/2026

By MARTY ARNOLD, Special to the Gazette
(no date given) Part 3.

Plank roads were made of 3-inch planks places side-by-side on longitudinal “stringers” that were supposed to keep the road surface out of the mud. The roads were built by private companies who virtually took over the construction of state highways after the Panic of 1837 all but ruined the state’s economy.
Although the corner of Douglas and North streets was way out in the “country” then, the scene was hardly tranquil. The stage coach lined up behind northbound on cars, horse-drawn carriages and wagons of every description waiting to pay the penny-per-horse-per-mile toll.
In its heyday, the plank road was an important commercial link between the two growing cities and the road fostered developments of many of the small communities along its route. Its stage riders included not only families bound for visits with relatives, but commercial travelers eager to expand their markets.
Talk of commerce usually gave way to discussion of the marvels – and maddening shortcomings – of the plank road.

From “The History of St. Joseph County; circa 1917.The oil, in the form of globules, is contained in minute vesicles on ...
10/20/2026

From “The History of St. Joseph County; circa 1917.

The oil, in the form of globules, is contained in minute vesicles on the lower side of the leaves and the blossoms. As the steam is forced though the plants, the globules, being expanded by the intense heat, bursts from their prison cells and are carried off in steam, which escapes from an opening in the top into a pipe called the condenser, and thence into the continuation, the worm.
Cold water being constantly pumped over these pipes, the steam inside is re-converted into fluid form. This having reached the terminus of the worm, flows out into the receiver, a deep vessel, from near the bottom of which a spout runs up on the outside to within a few inches of the top. As the fluid flows in, the water an oil separate of their own accord; the oil being lighter rises to the top and is dipped off; the water, continually sinking to the bottom, is forced by the weight above to flow out through the spout. The time required for steaming the plants is, if they are well dried, not over forty minutes, with a high pressure of steam; but the time varies with the steam capacity of the distillery.
The amount of oil from a given amount of plants varies greatly. If they are fine and well covered with leaves, and are distilled during warm, dry weather, and well dried, ten pounds of oil can be obtained from two thousand pounds of plants; but from course, undried plants less than one third of that amount can be obtained.
After the charge is sufficiently steamed, it is lifted from the vat by pulley attached to a crane, and being dropped upon a car or wagon is run off and used for fertilizing the fields. Our average crop in this county will not exceed twenty pounds per acre, although in other localities double this amount has occasionally been produced upon lowlands.

Michigan mint growers have a strong market for their crop with the flavoring used in a wide assortment of products. It is used in baking, candy making, coffee, cocoa and many other products. In 1997, Michigan growers produced 51,000 pounds of spearmint. Peppermint is also grown in Michigan.
The oil extracted from mint through a steam distillation process is highly concentrated. One pound will flavor 135,000 sticks of gum. Chewing gum companies regularly blend mint oils to maintain a consistent and specific flavor. An advantage to growing mint is farmers may store the soil for several years if market prices fall.

10/20/2026

St. Joseph in Homespun
By Sue Silliman

In the Christian Herlad of 1886, Reverend L. H. Trowbridge wrote: “Southern Michigan never new livelier times than during the first decade of its settlement. Sheman Township comprised a tract of 3,000 acres and, although the land office was at Monroe, and the early settlers had to make the distance on horseback, it was counted no hardship, for all were in the freshness of youth – strong, hopeful, happy.
“Holidays were not numerous but were great occasions when they did occur, winding up usually with a barbeque. In1828, the year following Mr. Thruston’s settlement on the prairie, a bear was killed in the locality and the novel announcement followed of a “Bruin Barbeque”.
Among those present on this occasion was Governor Cass with his staff on their lands. In the governor’s train were eight ponies, four laden with silver, the purchase price, and four with 200 pounds each of ginghams, calicos and fancy notions for presents. The governor was given shelter but his “staff” camped out of doors.
“The influx of immigration increased until 1936 when settlers came by tens and hundreds. In the spring of this year Abel Crossman and Gersham. Day of Kempville, Niagara County, New York, entered and in Nottawa. They were the leaders of the second colony that settled in Sherman, made up of Wear Drake, wife and son Addison, Mr. and Mrs. Stephen H. Chase, Abel Crossman and family. James M. Tefft, M. D., John Harris, Nathaniel Cutter and Thomas Davis.
Up to this date every man knew his neighbor and neighbors were not limited by township or county lines. Some of the familiar names are: Thomas Cade, settled in Sherman, 1830; David Petty, David and Charles Know, 1831; John S. Barry, White Pigeon, 1831; Dr. Elliott, 1832; Caleb Arnold and his father’s family in Constantine, 1832; Norman Roys of Florence, 1832.
“John Landrick, in 1833, was the genial, jolly stage driver between Detroit and Chicago and for more than half a century was one of the wealthy men of the prairie. For first class accommodations by coach, passengers paid seven cents a mile with the privilege of a rail to pry the stage coach out of the mud. General Brown of Tecumseh and DeGarmo Jones of Detroit owned the line, increasing facilities by ‘extras’ year by year until the coach ran daily, reluctantly giving place to the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad by 1851.
Second class transportation in these earlier days was slow and no springs. One of the original contracts reads:
“The undersigned agrees to transport in lumber wagon without springs, ten persons for $40 from Detroit to Constantine.”
At this date Constantine was the Chicago of Southern Michigan, being the head of navigation.
“While passengers travel was brisk by stage, freighting was lively by the lakes and the St. Joseph River. In fact, the first bridge at Constantine was a swing bridge. Lima, Indiana and all surrounding towns received their freight at the point via lake and river. The river arks which were 40 by 60 feet were covered with two-inch white oak plank and calked with tow and slippery elm bark. They required great skill in handling. The famous old arking captains and their hair breadth adventures were subjects of many an evening’s entertainment. Keel boats made their appearance in 1835. One o the musical names of these vessels was the “Kitty Kiddungo.”

Commemorations of the World War Two B-17 Flying Fortress bomber have taken place in an unusual way in the English countr...
10/19/2026

Commemorations of the World War Two B-17 Flying Fortress bomber have taken place in an unusual way in the English countryside.
During the war hundreds of B-17 Flying Fortresses were based at airfields across the UK, as the US Army Air Force launched missions and bombing raids over enemy territory in Europe.
For the residents of Eye in Suffolk they became very familiar with the sight of the B-17 since it was a key base for the 490th Bomb Group during the war. Now 70 years after the end of World War Two, the small village has commemorated the much loved aircraft with a field art display in the shape of the bomber.
t has been drawn onto a large farm field and spans around 350 metres. The field is located in the exact flight path that the B-17 bombers would have taken off over, and is just half a kilometer from the airfield.
When the B-17s were commissioned, the air crews were able to take longer distance flights into Germany and were able to target key industrial areas to prevent the development of their war production.
Once war in Europe ended in May 1945, instead of dropping bombs the 490th Bomb Group dropped food supplies to the local people of Holland as well as transporting Allied prisoners of out of Austria.
The field artwork has been named the ‘Flying Fortress’ and was drawn on the landscape by local residents, Carlo Roberts and Stefan Fulcher.
The airfield in Eye was used by the Americans from the summer of 1944 through to early 1945.
The B-17 Flying Fortress was made by Boeing and was a heavy-duty, four-engine bomber made especially for the United States Army Air Corps (USAAF). It was first flown in 1935 and was then introduced into the US Air Force three years later. It was used heavily in daylight bombing raids over Germany’s industrial and military areas.
In the UK, there is just one B-17 that remains in flying condition. She is known as ‘Sally B’ and is kept at the Imperial War Museum at Duxford, the Eastern Daily Press reports.
Carlo mapped out the field for the plane drawing using satellite maps. He and Stefan then visited the site to map out the actual drawing using around 37 reference points. The actual drawing was created by ploughing the field within the marked out area. The drawing can be identified as a B-17 because of its unusual tail fin.

STURGIS: Ads from the past. 1927.
10/16/2026

STURGIS: Ads from the past. 1927.

Engraving of Kilroy on the National World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C.Kilroy was Here! PART TWOAs a joke, US serv...
10/16/2026

Engraving of Kilroy on the National World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C.
Kilroy was Here! PART TWO

As a joke, US servicemen began placing the graffiti wherever they landed, claiming it was already there when they arrived.
Kilroy became the US super-GI who had always ‘already been’ wherever GI’s went. It became a challenge to place the logo in the most unlikely places imaginable (it is said to be atop Mt. Everest, the Statue of Liberty, the underside of the Arch De Triumph, and even scrawled in the dust on the moon.)
And so, the war went on, the legend grew. Underwater demolition teams routinely sneaked ashore on Japanese-held Islands in the Pacific to map the terrain for the coming invasion by US troops (and thus, presumably, were the first GI’s there). On one occasion, however, they reported seeing enemy troops painting over the Kilroy logo! In 1945, an outhouse was built for the exclusive use of Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill at the Potsdam conference.
The first person inside was Stalin, who emerged and asked his aide (in Russian), ‘Who is Kilroy?’ …
To help prove his authenticity in 1946, James Kilroy brought along officials from the shipyard and some of the riveters. He won the trolley car, which he gave to his nine children as a Christmas gift and set it up as a playhouse in the Kilroy front yard in Halifax, Massachusetts.
So now you know.

From “The History of St. Joseph County; circa 1917.Soon as spring opens, the ground being duly prepared, is marked out i...
10/16/2026

From “The History of St. Joseph County; circa 1917.
Soon as spring opens, the ground being duly prepared, is marked out in deep furrows thirty inches apart. The roots and creeping tendrils (called runners) which have grown from the settings of the preceding season, being taken from the ground and separated, are packed into large sacks. These are thrown over the shoulder of the workmen in such a manner that there shall be at least one living root or runner the entire length of the row, and these, as they are thrown down, are covered by the feet of the workmen to the depth on an inch.
Cultivation commences as soon as the rows can be distinguished above ground. As the plant advance in growth, a complete network of roots is formed beneath the surface; they also send forth runners above ground in every direction. These, sometimes attaining a length of three feet, completely envelop the ground. As the runners also throw down roots, a second crop will be obtained from one setting, and sometimes a third, should they escape the frost of succeeding winters. The height attained by the plants is usually not over twenty-four inches, though sometimes it reaches forty-eight inches.
Distillation commences in August when the plants begin to bloom. The effect produced by a large filed of peppermint with its beautiful purple blossoms and rich fragrance is quite enchanting. The process of distillation is as follows: The plants having been cut and having lain in the hot sun for six or eight hours, are taken to the distillery and tightly packed in large vats capable of holding from two thousand or two thousand five hundred pounds each. The vat, when filled, is closed over by a steam-tight cover. The steam being generated in a large engine boiler, is conveyed through a pipe to the plants by means of an opening in the bottom of the vat.

Great Western Horse Insurance Company.This insurance policy on a horse was issued to Conrad Sponsel of Indianapolis, Ind...
10/16/2026

Great Western Horse Insurance Company.
This insurance policy on a horse was issued to Conrad Sponsel of Indianapolis, Indiana for the term of one year. It covered death or theft of the horse for one year. The cost was $11.55 for the term from February 14, 1868 to February 13, 1869. Amount to be paid in the event of theft or death was $133.

The 320th Barrage Balloon Battalion was an African American United States Army unit that saw combat in Europe during Wor...
10/16/2026

The 320th Barrage Balloon Battalion was an African American United States Army unit that saw combat in Europe during World War II. This VLA (Very Low Altitude) barrage balloon battalion "was raised up in 1942 just a year after the Coastal Artillery Corps took over responsibility for barrage balloons from the Army Air Corps." Their first assignment was Utah and Omaha beaches on 6 June 1944 (the D-Day invasion). The mission of the 621-man assault force was to raise hydrogen-filled barrage balloons to protect assaulting infantry and armor from being strafed by enemy aircraft. "They flew at an altitude of around 200 feet to defend soldiers landing on the beaches against strafing attacks by German aircraft”
A commendation by Supreme Allied Commander Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower cited the unit for conducting "its mission with courage and determination, and proved an important element of the air defense team". The battalion served 140 days in France. In late July 1944, Battery A of the 320th moved from Omaha Beach to the port city of Cherbourg. The remaining three batteries stayed on Omaha and Utah Beaches until early October, when deteriorating weather prevented ships from landing. The battalion’s service in France came to and end on 24 October, when the men boarded ships bound for England.
"By the end of October 1944, the 320th VLA Battalion was on its way back to Camp Stewart, Ga., to train for service in the Pacific Theater. They eventually made it as far as Hawaii before the war ended."
The 320th Barrage Balloon Bn. was unique at Normandy for two reasons. First, it was the only American barrage balloon unit in France and second, it was the first black unit in the segregated American Army to come ashore on D-Day. Five battalion medics were the first to land on Omaha Beach at approximately 9 a.m.
A wounded medic, Waverly B. Woodson Jr., was nominated for the Medal of Honor, though he never received it.
The VLA units used smaller barrage balloons weighing only 35 pounds that could easily be moved by a few men and transported across the channel on landing craft. A standard balloon crew was normally five men, but the 320th reduced crews to three and four men for the Normandy invasion.
Corporal William G. Dabney was one of the last surviving members of this unit, and received the French Legion of Honor in 2009 for his participation in the Invasion of Normandy. He died in December 2018.

Address

34 N. Main Street
Three Rivers, MI
49093

Opening Hours

10am - 4pm

Telephone

(269) 273-6003

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